Understanding, Diagnosing, and Managing These Conditions
Breathing-related sleep disorders are conditions that occur when the normal flow of air is obstructed during sleep, impacting the quality of rest. This can cause interrupted breathing, shallow breathing, or a complete stop in breathing, which can lead to a decrease in oxygen levels in the body. This can result in several symptoms, such as loud snoring, gasping or choking during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, and difficulty concentrating. These disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), central sleep apnoea, and complex sleep apnoea, can significantly disrupt your sleep cycle and lead to a range of health issues.
In Australia, it is estimated that about 1 in 4 men and 1 in 10 women suffer from sleep apnoea, and many may not even realise they have it. The impact on overall well-being is profound, with links to conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, and even stroke. Identifying and treating breathing-related sleep disorders is crucial for ensuring long-term health and well-being.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of breathing-related sleep disorders include:
- Loud snoring
- Frequent waking throughout the night
- Gasping or choking during sleep
- Dry mouth or sore throat
- Restless sleep and morning headaches
- Excessive daytime fatigue
- Difficulty concentrating or memory problems
- Irritability or mood changes
If left untreated, these symptoms can worsen, leading to even more severe complications, affecting your daily activities and quality of life.
Causes
Breathing-related sleep disorders can arise from several factors, including:
- Obesity: Extra weight around the neck can increase the risk of airway obstruction.
- Age: Sleep apnoea is more common in individuals over the age of 40.
- Gender: Men are more likely to experience obstructive sleep apnoea than women.
- Anatomical factors: Enlarged tonsils, a large tongue, or a small airway can contribute to airway blockages.
- Family history: Genetic factors can also predispose individuals to these conditions.
Diagnostic Tests
To diagnose a breathing-related sleep disorder, your doctor may recommend the following tests:
- Sleep Study (Polysomnography): Conducted in a sleep lab or sometimes at home, a polysomnography measures brain activity, heart rate, airflow, and oxygen levels during sleep.
- Home Sleep Apnoea Test: For convenience, this test can sometimes be done in the comfort of your home to monitor breathing patterns and oxygen levels.
- Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT): where the patient undertakes several naps while connected to sensors that identify when they enter REM sleep, to determine how long it takes for a patient to fall asleep over a series of naps.
- Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT): this test determines the patient’s ability to stay awake for an extended period of time in a dimly lit and quiet environment.
- CPAP titration: this is used to determine a patient’s eligibility for CPAP treatment through the use and close monitoring of a CPAP machine with the patient.
- Split night study: This study combines polysomnography and CPAP titration in a single night for a patient, both diagnosing their sleep disorder and asserting their eligibility for CPAP treatment.
Complications
Untreated breathing-related sleep disorders can lead to a range of serious health complications, including:
- High blood pressure
- Increased risk of heart attack or stroke
- Type 2 diabetes
- Weight gain and obesity
- Depression and anxiety
- Decreased cognitive function and memory
- Decreased quality of life
Treatments
Treatment options for breathing-related sleep disorders vary depending on the severity and specific condition diagnosed. Common treatments include:
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): The most common treatment for sleep apnoea, a CPAP machine uses a mask that provides continuous airflow to keep the airway open.
- Oral Appliances: Dental devices that reposition the lower jaw to help open the airway.
- Lifestyle Changes: Weight loss, exercise, quitting smoking, avoiding alcohol and sedatives before bed, and adjusting sleep positions may help alleviate symptoms.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove excess tissue or correct anatomical issues contributing to the disorder.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How do I know if I have a breathing-related sleep disorder?
If you or a partner notice symptoms like loud snoring, choking or gasping during sleep, or you frequently feel tired during the day, it’s worth consulting a medical professional for an assessment.
Are breathing-related sleep disorders serious?
Yes. If left untreated, breathing-related sleep disorders can increase the risk of serious health problems such as heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure.
Can lifestyle changes help manage these disorders?
In many cases, lifestyle changes such as losing weight, quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake, and improving sleep hygiene can significantly improve symptoms.
Will I need a CPAP machine?
While CPAP is the most common treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea, the need for a CPAP machine will depend on the severity of your condition. Alternative treatments, such as oral appliances or lifestyle changes, may also be recommended.
Taking the First Step to Better Sleep
At Manse Medical, we are committed to providing comprehensive assessments and tailored treatments to help manage breathing-related sleep disorders. Our specialists offer the latest in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques to improve your sleep and health.
If you suspect you may be suffering from a breathing-related sleep disorder, don’t hesitate to reach out for a consultation. Your sleep health is essential for your overall well-being.